Firearm Safety: The 4 Rules You Must Follow Stop and Think About Them

Safety should always come first when handling firearms, whether at a shooting range or elsewhere. The four main rules of firearm safety reinforce responsible use and secure storage, and everyone is accountable for following them. Supervising beginners and emphasizing safety—especially with children and those unfamiliar with firearms—is essential.

Always keep your firearm pointed in a safe direction, especially when loading or unloading. A safe direction is one where no one can be hurt, even if the bullet ricochets or passes through barriers. Never aim at anything you don't intend to shoot, whether the weapon is loaded or unloaded. Stay aware of the muzzle's direction at all times, as you are solely responsible for safe handling.

By treating every firearm as if it is loaded, a habit of safety is developed. Firearms should be loaded only when you are in the field or on the target range or shooting area, ready to shoot. Whenever you handle a firearm, or hand it to someone, always open the action immediately, and visually check the chamber, receiver and magazine to be certain they do not contain any ammunition. Always keep actions open when not in use. Never assume a gun is unloaded — check for yourself! This is considered a mark of an experienced gun handler!

Keep your finger off the trigger until you're ready to shoot, including during loading or unloading. Never pull the trigger if the safety is engaged or partially engaged, as the firearm may discharge unexpectedly when the safety is released.

Only shoot when you are certain of your target and what lies beyond it. Remember, bullets and shotgun rounds can travel significant distances—over a mile for many firearms—posing risks beyond your aim. Always consider where a missed or ricocheting bullet may go. Practice these safety measures and make firearm safety your responsibility.